I’ve seen some reference posts with pictures of the Jedi Temple and that was really helpful but I haven’t seen one about the Jedi cruisers, so I thought I’d try to put one together.
This is the layout of the ships, taken from Wookieepedia:

I’ve decided to try to simplify it a bit and tackle it in pieces. I’m going to throw it under a cut, because it’s pretty image-intense.
Here’s the basic exterior of the ship: 
1. Flight Deck
The red cover slides open to allow the fighters to take off:



(Shadow squadron receiving their orders)
The landing ships are here too but they exit from the bottom of the cruiser.


This ventral hangar bay looks like it’s also where some ships dock with the cruiser:



2. Bridge(s)
Apparently, there’s 2 bridges. Here’s a close-up of what they look like from the outside.
Here’s the inside:

So there’s a walkway through the middle and then around the edges but there’s actually a lower level of the bridge with these guys and their consoles.
I think they might be manning the heavy turboblast turrets - #3 in the above reference pic, or this:
Anyway, the bridge connects to what I’m guessing is the War Room (labeled ‘a’ in the next pics; they’ve mentioned it in one of the episodes but didn’t directly show it but I don’t know what else would be the War Room if not that room):

‘b’ is what I’m gonna call the communications terminal. It looks like there’s one on either side of the bridge.

A close-up of what’s in that communications nook: A viewscreen on one end and a terminal on the other.

Going back to the War Room. It’s connected via a set of double blast doors and it seems to be where they do most of their planning and communications via hologram.



They’re also in here monitoring battle situations when the ship is engaged in battle:
4. Medium dual turbolaser cannons



It looks like there’s a pair of them, meant to be manned by a pair of clones.
There’s a big blue screen in this room - maybe some kind of radar scanner? Or whatever those things are called, that detect incoming missiles.
5. Docking point for a space station
I think I only highlighted this one because it seems to also double as another exit from the ship? I can’t remember now. I’ve been staring at all of these images for too long.
But anyway, just behind it is where I think the escape pods are released from (you can barely see them in the below pic, but those are the escape pods being jettisoned out):
6. Escape pods
From the cruiser:

Their capacity seems to be 4 to a pod, which seems kind of little for a ship the size of a cruiser but oh well.



Here’s what the outside looks like:
7. Detention Level (not pictured on any of the layout pics so I have no idea where they’re located)



8. Reactor



9. Medbay
This room that they held Tups in seems to hold 2 patients.



And the hallway outside:

9. Jedi General’s quarters
The hallway outside (and Boba literally just pressed that button to open the doors, so they weren’t locked or anything; maybe Mace only locks it when he’s inside?)

The inside (I had to lighten the pics in order to see anything in the room so pardon the low quality of the images):



So, bed with an inset shelf on the left (when you enter the room, I mean). There’s a pull-down/slide-down viewscreen over it. A meditation seat in the center. And then the thing on the right looks like it could be used as a desk or a bed (if you put a mattress on top of the surface).
12. Clone Quarters
These are from the supply ship in the Brain Invaders episode. I’m guessing it’s similar quarters for the cruisers.



11. Commissary/dining hall/kitchen?
This is also from the supply ship that Ahsoka and Barriss were on; I’m guessing that what they have on the cruisers would have the same design but larger?